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Natural single crystal diamond is the hardest substance in the world, so as abrasive and cutting tools, its performance is unparalleled, diamond tool, for example, the radius of circular arc edge grinding to even the scanning electron microscope, SEM, cannot detect, until now still no a material can instead of using it to machining, often can be direct access to a mirror, the current is widely used in instrumentation, electronic, optical, and other fields, become indispensable cutting tool material, but because of the expensive, sharpening need skills, so has been hinder its wide application.
Due to the superior performance of superhard materials, applications constantly expanding, has been developed from metal processing to the optical glass processing, stone processing, ceramics processing, hard brittle materials processing and other traditional processing areas difficult.
Natural single crystal diamond, because of the anisotropy, so the hardness of crystal differs very big, when cutting tool grinding, choose the soft side as abrasive surface, and the hard surface as the rake face of or after the knife surface, this brought grinding conditions, because of its anisotropy, so in use, must consider the reasonable selection of crystal surface, for example, durometer YaZhen, in use, the use of pumped or bounce to measure the hardness of materials to be tested, but due to the work surface hardness is different, the result is also different, of course, the hard surface, is beneficial to prolong life, and as natural diamond wire drawing die manufacturing, due to the hole of the working face by the crystal structure, so the hardness, wear and uneven, and at the same time can cause stress to wire rod with circular cross section of differences and uneven hardness, the impact is used, diamond sintered body and thick film, due to the isotropic, on this kind of product sample/use becomes very good.
PCD, PCBN, because of its grain size are different, different concentration, the performance is different also, must be a reasonable choice. Diamond thick film is a pure diamond, its hardness is close to the natural diamond, PCD, PCDN is diamond powder and binder are mixed together in sintering, so the hardness is affected by binder, its hardness is better than the former.
It is well known that the diamond has affinity with iron series, can only be used in non-ferrous metals and non-metallic materials, and CBN even under the high temperature of 1000 ℃, black metal is fully qualified for cutting. Has become the main cutting tool material future difficult-to-machine materials. Superhard materials generally refers to the man-made diamond, CBN. These two materials exist at the same time, play a complementary role, can cover the current and future development of various new materials processing, is extremely advantageous to the whole machining field.
High precision grinding of diamond cutting tools need skills, in order to get higher precision of cutting edge arc radius, especially precision less than 0.05 um, under very strict requirements are put forward for grinding machine, must have a high rotation accuracy of spindle shafting, the old grinding machine can meet, more began using air bearing as the bearing, grinding disc, it must be on the machine to make the face runout control below 0.5 um. Grinding of PCD and PCBN relatively easy, because the relatively low hardness, will fit with diamond grinding wheel, diamond thick film is different, its hardness is close to natural diamond, and is isotropic, so it is difficult to grinding.
Recently, the diamond cutting tool grinding has aroused people's concern, the new grinding solutions have been put forward, including thermal chemical methods is introduced, such as industrial university in Tokyo, Japan JiChuan professor chang fei with cast iron plate heated to 800 ℃. Think in terms of speed grinding idea, 70% of the grinding work in rough grind, so thermal chemical method can be used to remove most of the allowance, and lapping, diamond grinding efficiency can be greatly improved.